INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR). Rules governing the procedures for conducting instrument flight. Also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate type of flight plan.
INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM (ILS). A precision instrument approach system, which normally consists of the following electronic components and visual aids: 1) localizer, 2) glide slope, 3) outer marker, 4) middle marker and 5) approach lights.
LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE (LDA). See declared distances.
LOCAL TRAFFIC. Aircraft operating in the traffic pattern or within site of the tower, or aircraft known to be departing or arriving from the local practice areas, or aircraft executing practice instrument approach procedures. Typically, this includes touch-and-go training operations.
LOCALIZER. The component of an ILS, which provides course guidance to the runway.
LOCALIZER TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID (LDA). A facility of comparable utility and accuracy to a localizer, but is not part of a complete ILS and is not aligned with the runway.
LORAN. Long range navigation, an electronic navigational aid which determines aircraft position and speed by measuring the difference in the time of reception of synchronized pulse signals from two fixed transmitters. Loran is used for enroute navigation.
MICROWAVE LANDING SYSTEM (MLS). An instrument approach and landing system that provides precision guidance in azimuth, elevation, and distance measurement.
MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA (MOA). See special-use airspace.
MISSED APPROACH COURSE (MAC). The flight route to be followed if, after an instrument approach, a landing is not effected, and occurring normally when the aircraft has descended to the decision height and has not established visual contact or when directed by air traffic control to pull up or to go around again.
MOVEMENT AREA. The runways, taxiways, and other areas of an airport which are utilized for taxiing/hover taxiing, air taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft, exclusive of loading ramps and parking areas. At those airports with a tower, air traffic control clearance is required for entry onto the movement area.
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